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The North American FJ-2 and FJ-3 Fury are a series of swept-wing fighter aircraft for the United States Navy and Marine Corps. The FJ-2 was the result of an effort to navy the United States Air Force's North American F-86 Sabre. These aircraft have folding wings and longer nose landing gear designed to increase the angle of attack at launch and to accommodate a longer oleo to absorb the impact of hard landings on the deck of an aircraft carrier.
Fury Aircraft
Although they shared a US Navy designation with their distant predecessor, the straight North American FJ-1 Fury, the FJ-2/-3 were completely different aircraft. (The later FJ-4 was another complete structural redesign of the FJ-3). The FJ-2 was one of the aircraft used to evaluate the first steam catapult on a United States Navy aircraft carrier.
Hawker Fury I (sabre Powered) Fighter
By 1951, the Navy's existing linear fighters were inferior in performance to the overwhelming Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15s operating in the Korean War; the sweep-wing fighters in the Navy's development pipeline, such as the Vought F7U Cutlass and Grumman F9F Cougar, were not yet ready for deployment.
As an interim measure, the Naval Air Agency ordered direct development of the overwhelming North American F-86E Sabers as the FJ-2. Since the F-86 was not designed to be carrier-capable, this posed some risk, but Navy pilots had noted that the F-86A actually had a slower landing speed than the Grumman F9F Panther. During the carrier qualification tests, the Navy informed Grumman that if the F9F-5 was not lowered by 12 mph (19 km/h), it would be removed from flight service while the FJ-2 was already making its debut in naval squadrons.
North America's Chief Engineer at the time stated that the swept-wing Saber had handling and stall characteristics at low speeds comparable to those of the best straight-wing aircraft.
The urgency behind the program was such that 300 (later reduced to 200) FJ-2 fighters were ordered before the prototypes had flown.
Hawker Fury Fb.11
The first prototype to fly was actually the third aircraft to be ordered: designated XFJ-2B and first flown on December 27, 1951, it differed from a standard F-86E-10 only in its arms, with four 20mm (0 .8 in) Colt Mk 12 rifles instead of the six Colt-Browning M3 .50 in (12.7 mm) Saber machine guns. The second and third aircraft to fly were designated XFJ-2 and had no armament, but were modified to be carrier-capable. They had arrestor hooks and longer nosewheel legs to increase the angle of attack on takeoff and landing, and catapult fittings. Carrier trials were flown on the USS Midway in August 1952, followed by test flight qualifications on the USS Coral Sea in October–December 1952. The results were not satisfactory: low-speed handling was poor, while the arresting gear and nose wheel leg were not strong tough.
The first production aircraft flew on November 22, 1952. This FJ-2 included additional modifications for transport: the runway for the main landing gear was widened by eight inches, the outer wing panels were folded, and the windshield was modified to give the pilot better visibility on approach. The FJ-2 also had a fully moving "flying tail" with no dihedral angle.
Due to problems with steam catapult launches, some FJ-2s were later fitted with stronger nose wheel struts. Externally, the FJ-2 was difficult to distinguish from an F-86, except for naval paint and the gun barrels of the 20 mm (0.8 in) guns. The Gin was the Geral Electric J47-GE-2, a naval version of the J47-GE-27 used in the F-86F. The naval modifications of the FJ-2 had a weight increase of about 1,100 lb (500 kg) over the F-86F, but failed to deliver a full carrier force. A decision had already been made to give it to US Marine Corps land-based squadrons.
Construction was delayed due to demand for the F-86 in Korea; The FJ-2 was not produced in large numbers until after the conflict ended. Only seven aircraft had been delivered by the end of 1953 and it was January 1954 before the first aircraft was delivered to a naval squadron, VMF-122. The Navy preferred the lighter F9F Cougar for its superior low-speed performance for transports, and the 200 FJ-2 models built were delivered to the United States Marine Corps. The Marines made several cruises aboard aircraft carriers to solve the type's handling problems, but the FJ-2 was never completely satisfactory. In 1956, the FJ-2 already disappeared from the front line, and in 1957 reserve units knocked it out.
A Hawker Sea Fury T Mk.20 Dreadnought Aircraft In Flight Over Ione, California Stock Photo
4 FJ-3 Fury fighter-bombers from VF-33 and an AD-6 from VA-25 on the deck of USS Intrepid in the North Atlantic in 1957
While development of the FJ-2 was underway, development of a version powered by the Wright J65, a license-built version of Britain's Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire turbojet, was planned. The Sapphire promised to deliver 28% more thrust than the J47, for little weight gain. The new version was designated FJ-3 and in March 1952 an order was placed for 389 aircraft.
To test the new gin, a single FJ-2, BuNo 131931, was modified, but the first true production FJ-3 flew on 3 July 1953.
The only outwardly visible change the new gin required was a deeper inlet to accommodate the increased mass flow. Early FJ-3s had the same wing as the FJ-2, but from 1955 the FJ-3 was built with a so-called "6-3" wing, with a leading edge extended 6 inches (150 mm) at the root and 3 inches ( 76 mm) at the tip. First introduced on the F-86F, this modification improved maneuverability by slightly increasing landing speed by removing the leading edge slats. The version introduced on the FJ-3 differed from that of the F-86F in that camber was added to the underside of the leading edge to improve low-speed handling. On the FJ-3, the new wingtips also held extra fuel. From the 345th aircraft, the wings were fitted with four external loading stations, up to 1,000 lb (450 kg) on the inboard stations and 500 lb (230 kg) on the outboard stations.
Aviation Photographs Of Hawker Sea Fury Fb11
Deliveries began in September 1954 and the FJ-3 joined the fleet in May 1955. An FJ-3 was the first fighter to land aboard the new supercarrier USS Forrestal in 1956. Problems occurred with the J65 engine, including a malfunction in the lubrication system. during takeoff acceleration or during maneuvers, and turbine blade failures. Nevertheless, the Navy was more satisfied with the FJ-3 than the FJ-2 and ordered an additional 149 aircraft in March 1954. Its more powerful engine made the FJ-3 superior to most models of the F-86, except the F-86H. A total of 538 FJ-3s were built. Of these, 194 were converted to FJ-3Ms with the capability to carry AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles. Some FJ-3s were later modified to fly Regulus missiles (KDU-1) and Grumman F9F-6K Cougar drones. In 1956 the Navy retrofitted all of its FJ-3s with probe-and-drogue aerial refueling equipment, a long probe was mounted under the left wing.
Single-seat fighter-bomber version, powered by the more powerful 7,800 lbf (34,696.13 N) Wright J65-W-2 or 7,650 lbf (34,028.90 N) J65-W-4 turbojet engine; 538 built.
Improved version of the FJ-3, with the ability to carry AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles; 194 FJ-3 converted to this standard. The Hawker Sea Fury is a British fighter aircraft designed and produced by Hawker Aircraft. It was the last propeller-driven fighter to serve in the Royal Navy, and one of the fastest single piston engine production aircraft ever built.
The Sea Fury was developed during World War II and entered service two years after the end of the war. It proved a popular aircraft with a number of overseas armies and was used during the Korean War in the early 1950s and by the Cuban Air Force during the Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961.
File:hawker Sea Fury Fb11 Silhouette.jpg
Development of the Sea Fury formally began in 1943 in response to a Royal Air Force (RAF) wartime requirement, with the aircraft originally being named the Fury. As the Second World War drew to a close, the RAF canceled its order for the aircraft; however, the Royal Navy saw the type as a suitable carrier to replace a series of increasingly obsolete or unsuitable Fleet Air Arm aircraft. Development of the Sea Fury continued and the type entered operational service in 1947.
The Sea Fury shares many design similarities with Hawker's previous Tempest fighter, which grew out of a requirement for a "Light Tempest Fighter"; both the Sea Fury's wings and fuselage were derived from the Tempest, but were significantly modified. The production Sea Fury was fitted with the powerful Bristol Ctaurus engine and armed with four wing-mounted Hispano V cannons. Although the final Sea Fury FB.11 was originally developed as a pure fighter, it was a fighter-bomber and the design has also been found suitable for this mission.
Sea Fury attracted international
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